Answer: B) a patronymic.
Explanation: A patronymic (of family names) means derived from the name of a father or ancestor, especially by the addition of a suffix or prefix indicating descent. From the given options, the one that represents what the phrase "born from Cadmus" is an example for, is the corresponding to option B: A patronymic, because it is expressing being descendant of Cadmus (which is a name of an ancestor).
